https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/diode.htm
Answer the following:
Why do some materials conduct electricity/current, why do some materials insulate from electricity/current, and why do some materials semi-conduct electricity/current?
What you believe to be the most amazing use of semi-conductor technology (this could include mini, micro, and nanotechnology) in use today, or being developed for future uses. List the Internet, and other resources.
Category: Electronic Engineering homework help
Why do passive filters not provide current amplification?
Passive filters do not provide current amplification because passive filters are made up of passive components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors and have no amplifying elements (ElectronicsTutorial, n.d.). Therefore, no signal gain and output level is always less than or never exceeds the input.
What is circuit isolation and why is not having any of a passive filter a disadvantage?
Circuit isolation provides a barrier using a mechanic switch to separate two circuits to prevent dangerous voltages from passing through the electrical circuit in the event of an electrical fault or failure in the system (AtlasScientific, 2022). The disadvantage of not having a passive filter is the circuit isolation will still allow any range of frequency to pass through the circuit.
What are first order and second order filter and what are their uses?
A first order filter can be made by connecting together a single resistor and a single capacitor/inductor in series across an input signal (Vin), with the output of the filter (Vout) taken from the junction of these two components (ElectronicsTutorial, n.d.). A second order filter will have two of either components, and the stability of the system is proportional to the order of the filter.
References
Passive Low Pass Filter. Electronics Tutorials. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/filter/filter_2.html
Links to an external site.
What is Electrical Isolation? (2022, June 8). [web log]. Retrieved from https://atlas-scientific.com/blog/what-is-electrical-isolation/.
Research and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of passive filters. Some advantages are, it is reliable, they can handle large voltage currents and power, there is no limitation on the frequency range, they do not need the additional dc power supply for their operation, easy to design, cheaper as compared to active filter, no amplifying elements, require no power supply, high frequency. Some disadvantages are, response problems, tuning for fixed frequency, fixed reactive power compensation, large in size, there is no isolation between input and output, the circuit becomes bulky if inductors are used, there is always some loss of signal it can be in the passband, this circuit cannot provide any gain, source loading can take place, there is no clear demarcation between passband and stopband but actually, it gets mixed up, in this frequency response is not sharp since when switching from passband to stopband there is no sudden change in output.
Research and discuss types of passive filters and their use. Low-pass filters: attenuate or suppress signals with frequencies above a particular frequency called the cutoff or critical frequency. For example, a low-pass filter (LPF) with a cutoff frequency of 40 Hz can eliminate noise with a frequency of 60 Hz. High-pass filters: suppress or attenuate signals with frequencies lower than a particular frequency, also called the cutoff or critical frequency. For example, a high-pass filter (HPF) with a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz can be used to suppress the unwanted DC voltage in amplifier systems, if desired. Band-pass filters: attenuate or suppress signals with frequencies outside a band of frequencies. They are common in TV or radio tuning circuits. Band-reject, or notch filters: attenuate or suppress signals with a range of frequencies. For instance, a notch filter can reject signals with frequencies between 50 Hz and 150 Hz.
Why do passive filters not provide current amplification? Since passive components consume power from the input signal, the passive filter does not provide power gain and the output signal has a lower magnitude than the input. It requires amplification post-filtering. Features of Passive Filter Passive filter use only passive components such as resistor, capacitor and inductor.
What is circuit isolation and why is not having any of a passive filter a disadvantage? Isolation is a means of preventing current from flowing between two communicating points. Typically, isolation is used in two general situations. You don’t need isolation through a passive filter.
What are first order and second order filter and what are their uses? High pass filter is a frequency selecting electronic circuit that controls the frequency components in a signal by attenuating blocking the low-frequency components and allowing only high-frequency components. An active filter means that its circuit contains an active component such as a transistor, operational amplifier Op-Amp, etc. for better performance but mainly for amplification.
ECSTUFF4U for Electronics Engineer: Advantages and disadvantages of passive filters
Links to an external site.
Passive Filters Selection Guide: Types, Features, Applications | Engineering360 (globalspec.com)
Links to an external site.
Differences between Active and Passive Filter (electricaltechnology.org)
Abstract (objectives)
A brief description of the experiment. The abstract should not exceed four or five sentences.
Introduction
In your own words, explain the reason for performing the experiment and give a concise summary of the theory involved, including any mathematical detail relevant to later discussion in the report.
Conclusions
This section should reflect your understanding of the experiment. Important points to include are a brief discussion of your final results, an interpretation of the actual experimental results as they apply to the objectives of the experiment set out in the introduction should be given. Also discuss any problems encountered and how they were resolved.
Take a few minutes to look at the computers in your home (or the computer that you use for school). Describe your computer. You might consider:
The type of computer
The peripherals
Input and output devices
How much RAM do you have?
Can you add more? How do you know?
What type of RAM does your computer take?
What processor is in your computer?
How many cores does it have?
How fast is the processor?
How much storage do you have on your hard drive?
How much free space do you have?
How much space is used?
What types of ports does your computer have? How many of each?
Ask a friend about their computer. How is it different from yours? Which computer do you consider the better computer? Why? Think about how you use your computer. Choose at least one thing to upgrade that would make your experience using your computer better. Why did you choose to upgrade that particular item? How will it help?
Bandwidth identifies the number of waveform cycles that have at least 70.7% of the expected current and is displayed on a graph with current on the Y-axis and frequency on the X-axis. The bandwidth will be present when the input waveform is between the upper and lower resonant frequency of an RLC circuit. At resonance, the most current will be allowed through the circuit and the most allowable frequency will be seen at the center of the bandwidth graph. This frequency will also be the resonant frequency. Selectivity identifies the circuit’s ability to allow or reject frequencies outside of the expected current range of 70.7% of maximum and is dependent on the Q-Factor.
Discussion Prompt: Discuss the following prompts
Research and discuss RLC bandwidth and selectivity and provide the equations for each.
Research and discuss the upper and lower cut-off frequencies and how they relate to bandwidth.
How is Q factor related to bandwidth and selectivity?
What is the shape factor and how does this differ from the bandwidth?
What happens to frequency signals that are above and below the upper and lower cut-off frequencies of an RLC filter?
Research and discuss how a series RLC circuit acts as a resistive circuit at resonance.
An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit it consists of a resistor, inductor, and capacitor they are represented by the letters R, L and C. The resonant RLC circuits are connected in series and parallel. The name RLC circuit is derived from the starting letter from the components of resistance, inductor, and capacitor. For the current purpose, the circuit forms a harmonic oscillator.
Research and discuss how a parallel RLC circuit acts as a resistive circuit at resonance.
In series RLC circuit, the current flowing through all the three components i.e., the resistor, inductor and capacitor remains the same, but in parallel circuit, the voltage across each element remains the same and the current gets divided in each component depending upon the impedance of each component.
How does the admittance change as frequency changes in a series resonance circuit?
if either the Frequency or the Inductance is increased the overall inductive reactance value of the inductor would also increase. As the frequency approaches infinity, the inductors reactance would also increase towards infinity with the circuit element acting like an open circuit.
2. What is the parallel RLC damping effect and what does this do to the filter bandwidth?
Damping occurs when a force is exerted on the oscillating object that causes the amplitude of its oscillations to get smaller and smaller over time. Damping can be controlled by changing the force applied to the object as it oscillates.
3. Which type of RLC circuit is known as a rejector circuit and how does this differ from an acceptor circuit?
Parallel resonant circuit is used as filter circuit because such circuit rejects the currents corresponding to the parallel resonant frequencies and allow other frequencies to pass, hence called as filter circuit or rejector circuit.
Parallel RLC Circuit: What is it? (Circuit Analysis) | Electrical4U
Links to an external site.
Series Resonance in a Series RLC Resonant Circuit (electronics-tutorials.ws)
Links to an external site.
What is the damping constant of a parallel RLC circuit? – ProfoundTips
Links to an external site.
Reply
esearch and discuss resonance and impedance matching in a Tank Circuit.
I chose this topic because I have never known how receivers worked beyond having material that absorbs an electromagnetic wave and most likely has a capacitor that filters out the unwanted “noise”. A tank circuit used in receivers uses both and capacitor and an inductor to filter out frequencies too high or too low. like a legal balance scale that only turns on the radio if the scale is balanced. So hypothetically (there are probably other factors like “Q factor” to smooth it out) there will be one frequency range where it can pass through both the capacitor and inductor.
Research and discuss Bandwidth and Q Factor of an LC parallel resonant circuit.
So bandwidth is the reference to a range of frequencies. Similar to how many lanes a road has. I am not sure I understand this Q factor completely, but I think that is the measurement of how much intensity the wave can pass through the capacitor and inductor. The more intense the wave, the more there is to sample, which means more data/quality. The intensity of the wave can be manipulated by using resistance/resistors. The trade-off I think would be that your bandwidth would widen as well. Then I think a circular effect could happen where we require more precise transponders as well to give more precise frequencies, so we can get more out of our frequencies, repeat, repeat.
Why should inductive reactance and capacitive reactance match in a tank circuit?
If they didn’t match by having a “matching window”, no signal would come through.
What determines the resonance frequency and bandwidth in a tank circuit?
I think the value of reactance determines the resonance frequency and the resistance determines the bandwidth.
How does Q Factor in a tank circuit change at high and low resonance frequencies
The Q factor widens with high resonance and narrows with low resonance.
Q factor and bandwidth of a resonant circuit: Resonance: Electronics textbook. All About Circuits. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-6/q-and-bandwidth-resonant-circuit/
Simple parallel (tank circuit) resonance: Resonance: Electronics textbook. All About Circuits. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-6/parallel-tank-circuit-resonance/
Winter/Fall 2010. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://tiij.org/issues/issues/winter2010/fall_winter_2010.htm
An induction furnace uses an inductive coil to produce heat for smelting and casting processes. This inductor needs to be stabilized using several other components like capacitors and resistors to ensure the circuit does not overheat and can continue to vary the current in the inductive coil to maintain heat output.
Discussion Prompt: Discuss the following prompts
Research and discuss induction heating systems and their RLC components.
Research and discuss a coreless and a channel induction furnace.
What are the three main components of an induction heating system?
What circuit components affect a channel induction furnace heating temperature?
Why is impedance matching important for induction furnaces?
rompt 8: Volatile Digital Memory
A capacitor stores a charge that drains slowly over time or is discharged by a connection to ground. These charges can be used as a digital “on”, or HIGH, when fully charged. Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) uses capacitors, along with a transistor, to store HIGH and LOW bit values using these capacitors but does loose the memory states once the capacitors discharge. Regenerative capacitor memory, like DRAM, periodically updates or moves data in the memory block to maintain the charges and prevent data loss.
Discussion Prompt: Discuss the following prompts
Research and discuss Dynamic Random-Access Memory transitive-capacitive circuit diagram. DRAM stands for Dynamic random access memory. DRAM, is a specific type of random access memory that allows for higher densities at a lower cost. The memory modules found in laptops and desktops use DRAM.
DRAM works much differently than other types of memory. The fundamental storage cell within DRAM is composed of two elements: a transistor and a capacitor.
Research and discuss the use of DRAM technology and the challenges with mass memory storage.
Dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) are key components in all computing systems that require large working memory. Due to the strong increase in data volume in many embedded applications, such as machine learning, image processing, autonomous systems, etc., DRAMs largely impact the overall system performance and power consumption. In many of these applications, the overall system performance is often limited by the memory bandwidth or latency and not by the computation itself. Due to the dynamic storage scheme of DRAMs and shrinking technology nodes, reliability is also a major concern in current and future DRAMs.
How does the transistor charge the storage capacitor in a DRAM and what circuitry is required for each memory bit?
A voltage is applied to the transistor in the DRAM cell. The voltage is then given a data value. It is then placed on a bit-line. This, in turn, charges the storage capacitor.
DRAM will store bits of data in what’s called a storage, or memory cell, consisting of a capacitor and a transistor. The storage cells are typically organized in a rectangular configuration. When a charge is sent through a column, the transistor at the column is activated.
Why is it recommended to turn off a digital device for a full minute before restarting the device again?
Shutting down your digital device can help it run more smoothly by eliminating memory leaks. A memory leak occurs when an app requires a certain amount of memory in order to work, but fails to free up this memory when it is no longer needed.
What devices do you use that contain DRAM technology and what are some scaling challenges does this technology face?
I use several Dram devices iPad iPhones and other devices.Some scaling challenges are memory performance and testing.
August 01, 2019 by Stephen St. Michael https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/introduction-to-dram-dynamic-random-access-memory